Determinants of the Production and Consumption of Subsidized

Breadin EL- Beheira Governorate

Prof. Dr. Moustafa Mohamed El-saadany    Dr. Olfat Ali Melouk

                  Dr. Afaf Abd El-Moniem Mohamed                 Sahar Said Yacoub

Faculty of Agriculture – Damanhour University

Abstract

          This study targeted to identify the Determinants of the Production and Consumption of Subsidized Bread in EL- Beheira Governorate

         The total number of bakeries in El-Beheira Governorate in 2010 of about 1024 bakeries as follow: 807 and 217 for Baladi and Laminar bakeries respectively. In the same time the quantity of subsidized flour estimated about 330.4 thousand tons / year,  produces about 3430 million loaves, while the quantity of flour to Laminar bakeries estimated about 38,9 thousand tons / year produces about 584 million loaves. The average annual per person from Baladi bread about 677 loaves. This is equivalent to 1.9 loaf / day, and the average per person from Laminar bread around 115.3 loaves. This is equivalent to 0.3 loaf / day.

          The amount of waste productive day at the level of the bakery sample study estimated about 59 and 37 loaves for Baladi and Laminar bakeries respectively, in the same time the waste daily for flour estimated 8 kg for Baladi bakeries and about 6.5 kg for Laminar bakeries. The value of daily support missing for the bakery due to wastage of bread and flour is about 32.8 pounds for Baladi bakeries and 12.5 pounds for Laminar bakeries, while the value of support missing from bread and flour in El-Beheira Governorate  about 2.599 million pounds annually.

         The amount of consumer losses of bread at the family level annually of about 1610 loaves of Baladi  bread as value about 85.5 pounds, and about 1086 a loaf of Laminar bread as value about 109 pounds, also lost support worth annually at the family level about 312 pound for Baladi bread , and about 22.5 pounds for Laminar bread.

          The overall average of the total costs for the manufacture of flour container in Baladi bakeries for total sample of study about 40.47 pounds / container(100kg), and about 134.56 pounds/container(100kg) for Laminar bakery. The monthly costs for Baladi bakeries about 13,331 thousand pounds while the Laminar bakery about 17.318 thousand pounds. The monthly profit of the Baladi bakery about 3798  pounds while  for the Laminar bakery  about 1748  pounds, as can be seen that the yield on invested pound Baladi bakeries higher than the yield on investor pound Laminar  bakeries where each amounts to about 1.28 and 1.1 pounds / container  respectively.

        The study also shows that one of the most important factors affecting the quantity produced of Baladi bread and moral significant effect  is quantity of flour and  also, one of the most important factors moral significant effect on the quantity of Laminar bread produced  are both quantity of  flour and waste. On the other hand         The most important factors affecting on the profit for Baladi bakeries and high moral significant effect on the function estimated is both quantity of flour and the exact number of workers in bakery, and of the most important factors moral significant on the profit for Laminar bakery is the cost of other production inputs as (yeast and salt).

          The main problems faced by owners of Baladi and Laminar bakeries are: clever workers not available, electricity blackouts, delayed distributors and presence in the bakery at same time, the project of bread delivery imposed 1 pound / flour container for distribution, lowering of flour amount, delayed Supply inspector for monitoring the work of bakeries, high diesel prices, the low quality of flour, lack of flour container and technical faults.

          The study also shows that one of the most important factors affecting the quantity consumed of bread and moral significant in the estimated function is the number of family members and loss of consumer Baladi bread.

          The main problems of consumers bread are: the quantities of bread isn't enough, high losses of bread due to low quality, the bread is not available on holidays and in the presence of faults, the difficulty of obtaining a subscription for Baladi bread, lower numbers of Laminar bakeries, high prices of other types of bread, not to lay the foundations for the distribution of bread on people and the lack of control ration over the bakeries