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التبصرة الخاصة بالتعليق أو التلخيص |
ملخص، الخ / The current study was suggested to investigate the main effects of seed inoculation with two different types (Phosphorien and Mycorrhiza) and four differnt fertilization levels of mineral phosphorus (0, 30, 60 and 90 kg P2O5 fed-1) as well as their interactions on the vegetative growth characters, flowering traits, green pods yield and its components, seed yield and its components and some chemical contents of the leaves and dry seeds of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cv. ”Bronco”.
Two field experiments were carried out during the two successive fall seasons of 2004 and 2005 at the Expermintal Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University in El-Bostan region, Behiera Governorate, Egypt. A factorial experiment in a complete randomized block design was used with four replicats. The optained results are summarized as follows:
Vegetative Growth Characters:
1- Inoculation common bean seeds either with Mycorrhiza or Phosphorien did not reflect any significant difference on plant height, root length, number of branches plant-1, plant fresh weight, root fresh weight, stem fresh weight,leaves dry weight, stem dry weight, plant dry weight and leaf area, in both season.
2- Fertilizing common bean plants with inorganic phosphorus at the rate of 30, 60 and 90 kg P2O5¬ fed-1, significantly increased plant height, root length, number of branches plant-1, plant fresh weight, root fresh weight, stem fresh weight,leaves dry weight, stem dry weight, plant dry weight and leaf area compared with the control treatment, in both seasons. The highest two phosphorus levels (60 and 90 kg P2O5¬ fed-1) appeared to be sufficient for the plants to express their best performance on the vegetative growth parameters; however, the difference was not significnat.
3- The interaction effects of biofertilizer types and mineral phosphorus levels on all vegetative growth characters, except leaves fresh weight were significant in both seasons. The best valuable combinations were the inoculation of common bean seeds with either Mycorrhiza or Phosphorien and application 60 or 90 kg P2O5¬ fed-1, in both seasons.
Flowering traits:
1- Inoculation common bean seeds with Mycorrhiza or Phosphorien did not reflect any significnat difference on earliness, number of flowers plant-1 and fruit set percentage, in both seasons.
2- The application of mineral phosphorus at the rate of 30, 60 and 90 kg P2O5¬ fed-1, significantly caused earliar flowering and increased both number of flowers plant-1 and fruit set percentage in both seasons, as compared with the control treatment.
3- The interaction effects of biofertilizer type and phosphorus level on number of flowers plant-1 and fruit set percentage were significant, in both sasons. The combined treatments of either Mycorrhiza or Phosphorien and 60 or 90 kg P2O5¬ gave the higest mean values of number of flowers and fruit set percentage.
Green pods yield and its components:
1- Inoculation of common bean seeds with Mycorrhiza gave the higher yield plant-1 and fed-1 than those inoculated with Phosphorien in both seasons. However, number of green pods plant-1, length of green pod and weight of green pod were not significantly affected by the two types of biofertilizers.
2- The application of mineral phosphorus at the rate of 30, 60 and 90 kg P2O5¬ fed-1, to the growing common bean plants, significantly inceared total green yield , weight of green yield plant-1, number of green pods plant-1, length of green pod and weight of green pod, combared with the conterol treatment, in both seasons. The highest two phosphorus levels (60 and 90 kg P2O5¬ fed-1) were remarkable and associated with the highest mean values in this concern; however, the difference was not significant.
3- The interaction effects of biofertilizer types and mineral phosphorus levels on all green pods and its components characters were significant, in both seasons. The combined treatments of Mycorrhiza and 60 kg P2O5¬ fed-1, gave the highest mean values of total green yield, weight of green yield plant-1 and length of green pod, in both seasons.
Dry seeds yield and its components:
1- Inoculation common bean seeds with Mycorrhiza gave significantly higher mean values of dry seed yield fed.-1 and dry seed yield plant-1 than those inoculated with Phosphorien in both seasons. However, number and weight of pod-1, seed index (100-seed weight) and number of pods plant-1 were not affected.
2- Fertilizing the growing common bean plants with 60 and 90 kg P2O5¬ fed-1, significantly, increased dry seeds yield plant-1 and fed-1, number of dry pods plant-1¬¬, number of dry seeds pod-1, and seed index than those of control and 30 kg P2O5¬ fed-1 treatments, in both season.
3- The interaction effects of biofertilizers types and phosphorus levels reflected significant effects on number of dry pod plant-1 seed index, seed yield plant-1, dry seeds yield fed-1, number of dry seeds pod-1 and dry seeds weight pod-1, in both seasons. The best combined treatment was the inoculation of common bean seeds with Mycorrhiza or Phosphorien and application 60 or 90 kg P2O5¬ fed-1.
Chemical contents of leaves and dry seeds:
1- Inoculation of common bean seeds either with Mycorrhiza or Phosphorien did not reflect any significnat diferences on nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents in leaves and mineral nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and protein contents in dry seeds.
2- The application of mineral phosphorus at the rate of 60 and 90 kg P2O5¬ fed-1¬, significantly, increased N and P contents of leaves and N, P and protein contents of dry seeds compared with the control treatment, in both seasons. However, K content in both leaves and seeds was not significantly afect.
3- The interaction effects of biofertilizer types and phosphorus levels reflected significant differences on the percentage of N and P in leaves and N, P and protein content in dry seeds in both sasons. However K content in both leaves and seeds did not significantly differ. The best combined treatment was the inoculation of common bean plants with Mycorrhiza or Phosphorien and application 60 or 90 kg P2O5¬ fed-1.
The forementioned results of the present study indicated, clearly, that inoculation common bean seeds with Mycorrhiza and fertilizing the grown plants with phosphorus at the rate of 60 kg P2O5¬ fed-1, might be considered as an economical treatment combination for the production of high yield and good quality of common bean, under the prevailing environmental conditions of Behiera Governorate and other similar regions. Also, this study provides evidence about the possibility of using biofertilizers to minimize mineral phosphorus, to decrese pollution and to produce safty products. |